Caracterização da preparação física no brazilian jiu-jitsu: um estudo com treinadores brasileiros

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The characterization of physical preparation in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), considering the description of forms of training, aspects related to the training routine and the possible impact of this training on the most requested physical capacities in the modality may help to understand the factors that lead to good performance. OBJECTIVE: To dentify the profile of physical preparation and load monitoring applied by coaches in BJJ athletes. METHODS: 38 coaches (age: 36.3 ± 6.2 years; experience: 9.1 ± 5.0 years) took part in the study, of which 57.9% trained athletes who competed in international level and 55.3% have already reached podium also at the international level. The instrument used was a questionnaire (Google forms), previously submitted to proper content validation (content validity coefficient - CVCt 0,95; CI 95%=0,94-0,96). RESULTS: most of the participants use the athletes' characteristics (n=29, 76.3%), prior knowledge and experience (n=24, 63.2%) to choose the exercises of the training program. In relation to load organization, block periodization was the most mentioned (n=18, 47.4%), however, 21.1% (n=8) uses only their own experience as a trainer. In order to transfer the adaptations from physical preparation to combat, 81.6% (n=31) of the coaches use technical/tactical analysis and 60.5% (n=23) use time/movement analysis to plan their training program. Explosive strength (n=16, 42.1%), strength endurance (n=14, 36.8%) and anaerobic capacity (n=14, 36.8%) were identified as essential capacities to the modality. Traditional training with machines and free weights and plyometrics are the most used types of training to develop strength and power, interval training with specific movement, to develop aerobic and anaerobic capacities, dynamic stretching for flexibility, unilateral exercises for proprioception and BJJ specific movements for speed. Load monitoring strategies are used by 78.9% (n=30) of the participants to make adjustments to the prescription, with variations in the frequency of adjustments. The main monitoring strategy used by the coaches is the use of rating of perceived exertion - RPE scales - RPE (n=24, 63.2%). CONCLUSION: The coaches who took part in this study rely primarily on the athletes' own characteristics to structure the prescription, using their prior knowledge and experience as a coach. Target competitions are used as a basis for planning, however, due to the complex competition calendar of the modality, a specific periodization model that is used by the absolute majority of coaches was 10 not observed. Although time/movement analyzes provide as relevant information as technical-tactical analyses, they are less used as a source of information and are unknown by a portion of the participants. This may impact the prescription, specifically because effort/pause and high/low ratios observed in the fights are important to prescription. The RPE was the most cited monitoring tool by the coaches, however, new studies investigating the use of this variable as a monitoring tool are needed due to the observation of divergent results in the modality.