Técnicas de detecção da mentira em neurociências: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Society has evolved based on interactions among humans. Humankind, whether out of necessity or will, has always interacted with his fellow men and women, and with the environment. Lying arises directly from the interaction between people, but verbal and non-verbal communications are not restricted to what is externalized. Lying still occurs within the human body, through specific cognitive aspects and is manifested in face of different stimuli. Several researchers have sought to study human behavior, specifically emotions, and later ways of detecting lies. This study used the systematic review guidelines to investigate some of the lie detection techniques to check conflicting or even coinciding results and encourages direction for future research. The work is structured as follows: Chapter I represents the theoretical foundation; Chapter II presents the structuring of the scientific work and the method used to carry out the systematic review; and Chapter III presents the results, data analysis, discussion and conclusion. Objectives: The study selected scientific articles from the literature to identify evidence related to the combination of lie detection techniques and to verify the possibility of future research focusings on the insertion of lie detection techniques in the Brazilian legal system. Methods: The surveys were carried out using the Periodic of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES, with the following databases: Elsevier, GALE, NLM, Web of Science, Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, SAGE, American Psychological Association, PubMed Central, CrossRef , SingerLink, Materials Science & Engineering Database, Technology Research Database, Engineering Research Database, Annual Reviews, Taylor & FrancisOnline - Journals, Engineered Materials Abstracts, Copper Technical Reference Library, JSTOR Archival Journals, Materials Research Database, DOAJ, Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts, Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts, Civil Engineering Abstracts and Computer and Information Systems Abstracts. Results: Studies have shown that lie detection techniques have great interaction with psychological aspects. The study showed that equipment such as EEG and thermograph were used in studies whose objectives were the detection of lying, with positive results, including accuracy greater than 50%. Conclusion: Based on all theoretical grounds and the results obtained through the research, we can conclude that lie detection techniques have validity and reliability to be applied in judicial lawsuits. Therefore, we believe it is important to carry out experiments and new studies in real time to compare the accuracy obtained in the laboratory results.