As vozes que fundamentam o dizer: análise da polifonia e da modalização no primeiro depoimento de Lula a Sérgio Moro no âmbito da Lava Jato

Abstract

The present study, based on the Theory of Argumentation in Language (TAL), as well as on Modalization Studies, is affiliated to the perspective that not only language is argumentative, but also its use, since we understand that the user of language, by selecting certain linguistic elements in detriment of others, imprints its subjectivity in the enunciation. Thus, the general objective of this research is to analyze the semantic-argumentative functioning of speaker polyphony, in direct and indirect style, of the SE-locutor, and of the modalizers in the judicial deposition genre, the corpus of this study. To this end, the thesis that guides this study is that the main phenomena of argumentative orientation used by these speakers during the judicial deposition are the speaker polyphony and the SE-locutor, together with discourse modalization, considering that the use of these resources constitutes a significant strategy of defense and/or accusation, depending on the speaker that uses these resources. Therefore, depending on the speaker that evokes these phenomena, the alien discourses introduced in the testimony are used to allow the commitment of the defendant (by the judge and the prosecutor) or his defense (by the defendant or the defense). The present research is justified by the unprecedented treatment given to the judicial testimony genre, given that among the existing studies on this genre, none of them focuses on the argumentative phenomena analyzed in this investigation, nor do they specifically turn to this testimony, from its characterization as a genre of discourse and the argumentative strategies that constitute it.As methodology, we adopted a descriptive and qualitative approach, since we described the phenomena identified in the research corpus in order to sustain the analyses developed. It should be noted, therefore, that the corpus for descriptive-interpretative analysis of this research is composed of eighteen (18) excerpts extracted from the first deposition of Former President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva granted to Judge Sérgio Fernando Moro, in Operation Lava Jato, in May 2017. The analyses undertaken confirm the thesis that the main phenomena of argumentative orientation used by the speakers, in this deposition, are speaker polyphony and SE-locutor, sometimes in conjunction with discourse modalization. Moreover, they reveal that depending on the speaker evoking such phenomena, the alien discourses introduced in the deposition are used to enable the defendant's commitment (by the judge and the prosecution) or his defense (by the defendant or the defense). In this sense, the results reveal that the polyphony of speakers, the SE-locutor and the modalizers used by the speaker, responsible for the whole enunciation, serve not only to introduce the voice of another in the discourse, but also to express his positioning in relation to the enunciated content and the voice of the other. Thus, the speaker marks in his discourse, through certain linguistic strategies, how the interlocutor should read or (re)act before what is said.