Vulnerabilidade socioambiental nos Bairros de Manaíra e de Mangabeira no município de João Pessoa-PB: um estudo têmporo-espacial dos riscos social e ambiental

Abstract

The techniques and geoprocessing software application permit the dissemination of vulnerability and risk studies, that are essentials to help the public managers in the decision making process about urban space management. The neighborhood of Manaíra and Mangabeira, in João Pessoa-PB, are the study area of this research, given the distinctions in the geographic space and socioeconomic context. The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the socio-environmental vulnerability in the mentioned neighborhoods, considering the temporo-space analyze of the social and environmental risks. The procedures utilized to identify the social risk, environmental risk and socio-environmental vulnerability followed the presuppositions defined by Alves (2006 and 2007) and Alves and Torres (2006). The social and environmental risk areas identification was obtained from the study area thematic mapping, The socioeconomic indicators obtained from the database of IBGE, between 2000 and 2010, were utilized to characterize the population contingent, the income, the illiteracy and the access to the basic sanitation services, including clean water supply, garbage collection and sanitary sewage; the environmental indicators were based on declivity less than 3% and more than 30%, and the proximity of drainage network until 50 m. The map algebra allowed the spatialization of socioenvironmental vulnerability dada, categorized in different levels: “Very low”, “Low”, “Medium”, “High” and “Very high”. Through the results analysis, it was verified the changes in the socioeconomic conditions of the population in the districts studied over time and the differences between them. It was identified that in the studied neighborhoods there was not occurrence of the highest class of socioenvironmental vulnerability, indicating that the population is not submitted to disaster imminence. However, it was identified the areas with susceptibility to disasters, because of the high social and environmental risk combination. In this mode, it was attested that the higher the socio-environmental vulnerability, the more unfavorable are the population socioeconomic conditions and social actions and public politics may change this scenario.