DEGRADAÇÃO DO CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE JOÃO PESSOA, ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA AMOSTRA DE EDIFICAÇÕES, CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS PATOLOGIAS ENCONTRADAS.

Abstract

Historical heritage is a physical record of our history and culture and its protection is of fundamental importance to continue serving as a source of information for future generations. The city of João Pessoa, being one of the oldest capitals in Brazil, has in its historic center buildings of high artistic and cultural value that represent different eras and styles, its preservation must be part of the public policies of the State. However, it is not difficult to notice, with a simple walk through the streets of the city center, that several buildings present a high degree of deterioration, with graffiti and a lot of vegetation on their facades. In this aspect, the knowledge of the pathologies of these buildings is of fundamental importance to guide the necessary actions for their uplift. This study verified the most recurrent anomalies in the facades of some selected buildings, with the aim of making a diagnosis of their physical state, analyzing the structural state, characterizing the pathologies and identifying their probable causes. As a result, he obtained that the black crust / biofilm anomaly is found in 89% of the properties, due to the accumulation of impurities and microorganisms on their façades, the presence of vegetation was noted in 66%, anomaly capable of generating damage by the action of the roots . Cracks were found in 51%, their appearance suggests that the building has already been subjected to significant stress, the graphite presence also in 51% of the properties, resulting from human action, loss of material in 46% and the breakdown in 29% are related to the weakening of the material due to the weather. Other anomalies were less recurrent, being the case of restorations with inadequate materials 14%, differentiated degradation 3%, pitting 3% and destabilization due to loss of grout 3%. In this way, the study aims to serve as a basis for future corrective actions and prevention and maintenance plans, as well as alerting the responsible entities, owners and society in general to the dire situation that some of these buildings are in.