Sanear para educar: uma análise de realidades que cruzam

Abstract

Access to basic sanitation is essential for the development of a country, however, in Brazil, many factors have restricted its progress, such as lack of adequate planning, lack of investments, and poor management. The deficit in the provision of its services can trigger a series of problems in the sectors of society, such as health, whose relationship with sanitation is widely discussed. However, the effects of inadequate basic sanitation on education is still a theme little explored by the scientific community. Thus, the general objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation conditions and basic education indicators in the five geographic macro-regions of Brazil. This study was exploratory and descriptive, with a quantitative character, and was carried out through a data survey on the National Sanitation Information System – SNIS and National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira – INEP platforms. From the results obtained in the descriptive analyses, it was found that in a scenario where the sanitation indicators pointed to a growth perspective, the same would happen for Basic Education Development Index – IDEB. Through the mathematical resource of linear regression, using the Pearson coefficient (r) and the interpretation of the intervals of (r), it was noticed that all the indicators of basic sanitation analyzed showed a positive correlation with the IDEB. When evaluating the results, it was observed that the five macro-regions predominantly presented Pearson coefficients, above 0.6, indicating strong and very strong correlation intensity, when above 0.9, in which the Southern macro-region stood out for all indicators studied. The only exception being the study carried out between the water supply indicators and the IDEB for the North and Southeast, which showed moderate intensity. Thus, it was verified the existence of a directly proportional relationship between the indicators of water supply and sanitary sewage and the Basic Education Development Index for the 5th and 9th grades of elementary school.