A influência da pandemia no transporte público urbano por ônibus no Brasil.

Abstract

The beginning of industrialization in the 20th century triggered the growth of the urbanization process in Brazilian cities. To the detriment of this, the number of private vehicles increased, bringing harm to urban mobility and the environment. The growth of the car fleet was one of the main reasons for the beginning of the process of reducing demand in public transport. Furthermore, the emergence of transport by apps and its low fares for short and medium trips, the lack of infrastructure, the presence of a faulty fare system and the lack of public policies, also contributed to the population choosing to move from modal. Thus, a system that had already been degrading, became even more difficult to be restructured with the Covid-19 pandemic. To contain the high spread of the virus, all locations in Brazil and the world needed to adopt effective measures to curb the high rate of contagion and mortality caused by the new virus. Policies of distancing and social isolation were introduced, in addition to the insertion of new precautions to be taken, such as the use of masks and alcohol, promoting a crisis in public transport due to the increase in operating costs. In this sense, the present work aims to identify, through a literature review, the effects and results arising from the Covid-19 pandemic on public transport and on Brazilian urban mobility. For this purpose, databases and journals were used as a methodology from the Capes Periodicals and Google Academic search platforms, as well as yearbooks, articles and publications in relation to scientific articles, since the pandemic is occurring simultaneously with the elaboration of the research. According to what was studied, it was actually observed that the pandemic aggravated the situation of the public transport system, immediately promoting a drop in demand due to the reduction in urban mobility and the danger of contagion by Covid-19, originating from of the use of public transport by bus. As activities returned to normal, those who needed them most were forced to use public transport, which is still crowded, even with the distance measures. Finally, it is concluded that actions by the government that are capable of providing better conditions for using this means of transport and combating the damage caused by the pandemic are essential.