Carcinoma espinocelular de dígito com invasão em coxim de cão: Relato de caso

Abstract

Among the neoplasms that affect small animals, squamous cell carcinoma has shown a high incidence, therefore considered a problem in the daily life of veterinarians since it is a malignant cutaneous tumor that commonly affects dogs and cats and whose target cells are the keratinocytes of the epidermis. Given the clinical importance of this pathology, the objective of this final paper was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in an unusual anatomical region of a dog, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba in Areia-PB. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented, in the region of cushion of the left forelimb, an evident nodular lesion measuring about 1.5 x 0.5 cm, draining purulent-bloody pain, associated with lameness of the affected limb and demonstrating grade III of pain. Complementary tests were performed, such as blood count and biochemistry, raidiography and ultrasonography to search for metastases, and cytology by fine needle aspiration puncture (FNAP). As treatment, we opted for surgical removal of the tumor with an association of surgical electrochemotherapy, due to the grade of its staging and the affected area not allowing the removal of a wide safety margin of healthy tissue during the excision procedure. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen was performed, which confirmed the definitive diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. For tutor's personal reasons, it was not possible to accomplish the electrochemotherapy. Approximately twenty days after the surgery, the animal presented a new growth mass in the same region and three months after the first surgery, the patient was submitted to an amputation procedure of the affected limb due to the evolution of the tumor being more advanced, already having bone involvement. This report highlights the importance regarding the optimal choice treatment for this type of condition, since there is still no pre-established gold standard treatment, thus emphasizing that in some cases the association of surgery with post-surgical adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy seem to be essential to avoid possible relapses of the pathology, thus ensuring a longer period free of the disease. Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of neoplasm whose planning will vary according to the grade of tumor staging and its location.