Impacto da poluição atmosférica e fatores climáticos na ocorrência de asma

Abstract

In recent years, many studies have been carried out to measure the impact of air pollu-tion on human health in large urban centers. Thus, this study aimed to develop a decisi-on-making model to assess the impact of the main air pollutants and climatic parame-ters on the incidence of asthma in different age groups in a large city. To operationalize this investigative process, the parameters used as air quality indicators provided for in Resolution No. 491/2018, issued by the National Council for the Environment - CONAMA (PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO) were used. and climate parameters (temperature and relative humidity), from October 2010 to September 2015. Information related to the number of hospitalizations for asthma was collected from the Hospital Information Sys-tem of the Unified Health System. Health (SIHSUS). To estimate the level of association between environmental and climatic parameters and reported cases of asthma in the population of Salvador, the Poisson regression model was used, using the R program-ming language. the significance level of 5% for the permanence of the variable in the model. According to the results obtained, the variables that were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) for cases of hospitalization for asthma in children (≤ 9 years old) were: CO (RR = 5.04), MP10 (RR = 1.02), Temperature (RR = 0.86) and humidity (RR = 1.02). Regarding the increase in hospitalizations for asthma in adolescents, we obtai-ned: CO (RR = 5.26), PM10 (RR = 1.03), NO2 (RR = 1.06). With regard to the elderly, only the CO variable (RR = 11.33) was statistically significant. Based on the observed results, it was concluded that exposure to air pollution in the urban area of Salvador was associated with an increase in hospitalizations for asthma in children, adolescents and the elderly. Finally, through analysis of the fit and suitability of the model, we observed that the Poisson regression model was very satisfactory in the investigation of exposure to atmospheric pollutants and climatic parameters in cases of hospitalization due to as-thma, helping, in this context, to decision making.