Caracterização morfológica de beldroega (Portulaca spp.)

Abstract

In Brazil, the Portulacaceae family occurs in all regions of the country, represented by the genus Portulaca L., in which 21 species are catalogued. In addition to being important from an ecological point of view, species of this family stand out economically for having ornamental and/or medicinal properties. Genetic diversity in plant varieties can be estimated by looking at plant phenotypes and measuring morphological characters which, in turn, underlie breeding programs. Therefore, the present work aimed to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity among accessions of purslane species. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Vegetal Biotechnology (CCA-UFPB), in the municipality of Areia. In the first chapter, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with 29 treatments and three replications. During eight weeks, the following morphological characters were evaluated: stem length, internode distance, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of buds, number of flowers, flower length, flower width, petal length, petal width and number of fruits. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, comparison between means, Tocher grouping, relative contribution of variables and analysis of canonical variables. All data were analyzed using the GENES program. In the second chapter, a completely randomized experimental design was used, following the arrangement in subdivided plots, with 29 accessions evaluated in 7 weeks. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. During 7 weeks, the following morphological characters were evaluated: stem length, number of branches and number of leaves. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means grouped by the Scott-Knot test, at 1% probability. All analyzes were performed using the GENES computational program. The accessions showed genetic divergence for the analyzed quantitative variables, enhancing their use in breeding programs. It is recommended to cross the accessions of divergent groups and with better performance in the evaluated characteristics.