A bela e a fera: análise sociológica dos motivadores sociais da violência perpetrada por mulheres homicidas encarceradas no estado da Paraíba

Abstract

This thesis has as main goal to identify and recognize the social motivators of feminine violence in crimes of homicides, which means, it will try to elucidate the motives, endogenous/individuals and exogenous/structural (ALVES, 1986), for which women violate the right to life of male and female subjects of the most various age groups (against infants, teenagers and adults). We will present 9 cases of murder against men, 5 cases of murder against children and 2 cases of murder against women, all of which practiced by women, those being charged or condemned as executers, masterminds or associated to the crimes. The interest in this subject emerged due to involvement and observation that occurred during my experience of militancy in the Human Rights field, mainly in regards to assessment of its violations in João Pessoa's prisons. Besides that fact, the interest was fomented by the experience I have had as a Penal Law teacher, in the field of criminology studies, which discuss and re-discuss the motivations of the ascendant feminine violence. The research has a qualitative character (GIL, 2002), and it was carried out in the feminine Prison Júlia Maranhão, located in the neighborhood of Mangabeira VII, in João Pessoa Paraíba. It involved 16 homicidal women, incarcerated in this prison establishment under charges (provisionally imprisoned, not sentenced) and/or condemned (judged and sentenced) for homicide. To compose the corpus, we utilized a strategy of versatile and diversified collect. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews with only one respondent at a time (GASKEL, 2007) with the outsiders women (BECKER, 2008) in the prison institution. After that, we accessed 11 judicial processes and 9 criminal records of the inmates with the purpose of crossing the accused version with the Justice version about the homicide cases. The relevance of the research characterized by the elucidation of social motivators of feminine violence in the practice of homicide. By the collected data it can be glimpsed that some social conditionals are co-responsible for inserting determined types of women (profile) in the criminal network, so they can enter the so called deviant career (idem), entering the violation of the right to life. As contribution, it is expected that the present investigation facilitate new debates about the subject and sensitize the State and the organized social movements, so that the promotion of public policies with the intent to neutralize such motivators and, consequently, enable the reduction of feminine violence indexes in homicidal crimes, in view of its progressive increase in contemporaneity.

RESUMEN. Los intereses temáticos surgieron en medio de experiencias y observaciones ocurrieron durante mi experiencia de militancia en la area de los derechos humanos, especialmente en lo que concierne al levantamiento de su violación en prisiones personales. Además de ese hecho, el interés se ha visto impulsionado por la experiencia que he tenido como profesora de Derecho Penal, con el estudio del campo de estudios criminales, que discuten y redescubren las motivaciones de la violencia femenina ascendente. La investigación cualitativa del carácter (GIL, 2002), se realizó en el presidio Júlia Maranhão, ubicada en el barrio de Mangabeira VII, en João Pessoa-Paraíba. Envolvió 16 mujeres homicidas encarceladas en este establecimiento penitenciario bajo la responsabilidad (en prisión provisoria, no condenadas) y (juzgadas y sentenciadas) por HOMICIDIO. Para la composición del corpus, utilizamos una estrategia de colección versátil y diversa. En primer puesto, realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con una sola persona a la vez (GASKEL, 2007) con mujeres extranjeras (BECKER, 2008) en la institución penitenciaria. Luego se accedió a 11 procesos judiciales y 9 antecedentes penales de las reclusas para poder cruzar la versión de los imputados con la versión de la Justicia sobre los casos de homicidio. La relevancia de esta investigación se caracteriza por la elucidación de los motivadores sociales de la violencia femenina en la práctica del homicidio. por los datos reunidos, se puede apreciar que algunos acondicionadores sociales son corresponsables de insertar cierto tipo de mujeres (perfil) en el entramado delictivo, para que ingresen a la denominada carrera desviada (Idem), incursionando en la violación en el derecho a la vida. Como contribución, se espera que la presente investigación viabilice nuevos debates sobre el tema y que sensibilice al Estado y a los movimientos sociales organizados, para que se promuevan politicas públicas con la intención de tratar de neutralizar tales motivadores y, en consecuencia, permitir una reducción de los índices de violencia femenina en los delitos de homicidio, dado su progresivo aumento en la época contemporánea.