Flora ameaçada de extinção do bioma Caatinga: análise e perspectivas

Abstract

The changes in the landscape have caused a high rate of species extinction and the conservation of biodiversity is a worldwide concern. In this sense, the identification of species that are at risk of extinction is important to be able to adopt the risk of conservationist strategies to revert this scenario, with the publication of the red lists one of the main instruments for the knowledge of the endangered species and the possible causes of its extinction. In this way, our objective is to evaluate the red lists of Brazilian flora in a historical and political context and to identify the endangered flora of the caatinga biome and to model the current potential distribution and in future climate scenarios to assess the change in range from the current semi-arid limit. Our results showed that the red lists of the Brazilian flora did not show publication periodicity and the information made available in them also experienced variations over time, not presenting the same information about the species and without standardization of the evaluation method. As for the flora threatened with extinction in the caatinga, we recorded at least 78 native species threatened with extinction, of which more than 60% face a very high risk of extinction in the wild, with Cactaceae being the family with the highest number of threatened species. The Conservation Units and Priority Areas for Conservation of the Caatinga are home to more than 70% of the records of threatened species. Climate modeling indicated that there will be a contraction of the original area of occurrence for most species in the future 2030 and 2050, with the exception of Erythroxylum nordestinum, which had an expansion of its area of occurrence in the future.