Síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica associada à COVID - 19 em crianças e adolescentes submetidos a unidades de terapia intensiva

Abstract

In January 2020, the Chinese identified a new disease called COVID-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a high rate of infection where about 2,761 people was infected and 80 deaths within the country. Although this SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered relatively mild in children, a large number of children were seen being admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) in a multisystem inflammatory state, with a positive result for COVID-19. The clinical picture of Pediatric Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome associated with COVID-19 includes symptoms such as: prolonged fever, multisystemic inflammation with skin rash, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, meningismus and high levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Thus, there is a need to better understand this clinical condition associated with COVID-19, as it can aggravate the clinical picture, leading to admission to the PICU. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of children and adolescents affected by the pediatric inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Therefore, an integrative review of articles published in the last five years and available in the following databases was carried out: Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) and CAPES Journal. Thirteen articles were selected, observing the methodological approach, age group of patients, study site, clinical characteristics and main results related to the topic. Of these, eight were an observational study, three were case studies and one reported a case series. From this perspective, it was possible to conclude that the risk of developing a severe form resulting from COVID-19 in children and adolescents was considered low. However, it was observed that, although the risk of developing the severe form of the disease in children is low, there is the emergence of SIM-P, which may result in the need for referral to the PICU.