Análise do perfil dos óbitos fetais e seus fatores de risco no Estado da Paraíba de 2015 a 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological events, however, several factors can bring risks to maternal life or lead to fetal death. Fetal deaths have an unknown etiology and may be related to maternal, fetal or adnexal causes. One of the important indicators of the quality of care provided to pregnant women and childbirth is the Fetal Mortality Rate. In Brazil, there is a low visibility of the subject, being observed a lack of studies related to the subject. Objective: To analyze the profile and risk factors of fetal deaths in the state of Paraíba from 2015 to 2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which used data from the Information System on Live Births and the Information System on Mortality provided by the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The study consists of the analysis of fetal deaths and their risk factors that occurred between 2015 and 2020 in Paraíba. Results: In the period from 2015 to 2020, there were 3831 fetal deaths in the territory of Paraíba, with João Pessoa being the macro-region with the highest stillbirth rate. Most deaths were related to conditions in the perinatal period according to the ICD-10, most of which were considered preventable. A significant number of fetal deaths occurred with mothers aged between 20 and 24 years, with a level of education between 8 and 11 years. A higher rate of fetal deaths was also observed in singleton pregnancies, there was also a predominance of late fetal deaths (greater than 28 weeks of gestation or weighing more than 1,000g). Final considerations: A profile of fetal mortality was more prevalent in male fetuses, with a gestational age between 32 and 36 weeks, occurring before delivery, in singleton pregnancies. The study also showed that the main risk factors for fetal mortality arise from pregnancy, which, for the most part, can be considered avoidable.