Um homem também chora: sexismo e masculinidade precária frente a situações contranormativas de gênero

Abstract

This research sought to investigate to what extent adherence to the belief in precarious masculinity, ambivalent sexism and social norms influences the taking of a position in relation to normative and counter-normative situations related to the sexual division of gender roles. Four experimental scenarios were elaborated addressing a child's choice of toy and the father's decision to buy it. It was characterized as quasi-experimental research, with design 2 (child gender, male or female) X 2 (type of toy, car or doll). A total of 303 university students with a mean age of 24.1 years (SD=5.62) participated, where 41 declared themselves politically of the right-wing, 51 of the center and 211 of the left-wing. The participants answered the scales of Ambivalent Sexism and Conceptions of Masculinity, as well as open questions justifying their perception. Using SPSS, statistical analyses of correlation, hierarchical regression, univariate analysis (ANOVA) and we tested the explanatory models of moderate-mediation and simple mediation. The IRAMUTEQ software was used for Descending Hierarchical Classification and Correspondence Factor Analysis procedures. The results show that, being moderated by the emotional restraint factor of Masculinity and adherence to Total Sexism, the scenarios are good predictors of the negative perception of the father's attitude in the contranormatives conditions and the neutral perception in normative conditions. The justifications of the participants about the social judgment given to the child and the father presented heterogeneous classes ranging from the recognition of gender roles as well as the deconstruction of such conceptions with a strong connection between the right-wing position regarding elaborations about the father figure and prejudice as something placed in society.