Esterco bovino associado com substâncias húmicas em pimentão sob sistema de transição orgânico no Agreste Paraibano

Abstract

Organic production in the Brazilian Northeast is closely associated with small areas of cultivation and family production, which are extremely important for social, economic and ecological aspects. The reduction in the availability of organic fertilizers, such as cattle manure, has made producers seek alternatives to reduce dependence on this input, without loss of productivity. an excellent alternative, aiming at greater availability of nutrients in the soil solution. The objective was to determine the concentration of nutrients in the soil fertilized with bovine manure associated with humic substances in the pepper crop. The research was carried out on the rural property Canteiro Cheiro Verde, located in the municipality of Nova Floresta, microregion of Curimataú Paraibano, with geographic coordinates 6° 27' 8'' South latitude, 36° 12' 26'' West longitude, 660 meters of altitude , with a climate classified by Köppen type As' ‟, which means Tropical Climate with a dry summer season, winter-autumn rains. The soil in the experimental area, according to the criteria of the Brazilian Soil Classification System – SiBCS, was classified as a typical Eutrophic Yellow Latosol. The treatments followed a factorial design, organized in 4 x 3 split plots, 4 replications and 4 plants per replication, 16 plants per plot, forming a stand of 192 plants. The experimental units consisted of 12 treatments, with 4 doses of bovine manure 8.0; 18.0; 28.0 and 38.0 t ha-1 and 3 doses of organomineral humus 0; 33; and 42.5 ml per portion, in the ratio 1: 10 (m:v) corresponding to 0; 8.0; 12.0 Kg ha-1 being applied linearly and divided into 4 applications: transplanting, vegetative growth, beginning of fruiting and first harvests. The excessive addition of manure can favor antagonistic relationships, thus reducing the availability of certain elements in the soil solution, such as magnesium. Fostering the release of organic acids provides greater P solubilization in the soil solution. Potassium levels in the soil are favored with the addition of increasing doses to manure, resulting in an increase in CEC and a reduction in the loss process. The addition of manure to the soil favors the chemical aspect so that dosage control is necessary. By using the amount that provides the highest production of pepper plants, a new cultivation cycle can be started without the need to increase fertilization.