O Filo Arthropoda nos livros didáticos de biologia da 2ª série do Ensino Médio

Abstract

The textbook (TB) is an important tool in the teaching and learning process, especially in Biology, where the diversity and complexity of living beings are addressed, among other topics. The phylum Arthropoda is one of the most diverse and abundant groups in the animal kingdom, comprising animals such as insects, crustaceans, arachnids, among others. Studying arthropods is fundamental to understand the planet's biodiversity and its interactions with the environment. Considering this, the research objectives were to critically examine how the phylum Arthropoda is approached in Biology textbooks of the 2nd year of high school; to ascertain if the terms, concepts, and classification of arthropods are correctly addressed; to examine if ecological, economic, or medical importance characteristics are presented; to analyze if the content is treated in a clear and objective manner and to exemplify the theme of the phylum Arthropoda addressed in high school textbooks. For this purpose, four textbooks approved by PNLD/2018 were selected. The analysis was carried out through a thorough reading of the textbooks, based on certain criteria. The results revealed that the textbooks presented correct and relevant information about the characteristics of arthropods, such as their anatomy, physiology, and ecology. Additionally, most books addressed the ecological, economic, or medical importance of the phylum's representatives, highlighting their relevance in nature and society. Another positive aspect was the clarity and objectivity in presenting the content, encouraging students to read and critically explore the topics. Regarding classification, all textbooks mentioned the main groups of arthropods. Therefore, it can be concluded that the analyzed textbooks addressed the phylum Arthropoda in a clear and objective manner, and that with the information contained in the books, students will be able to recognize an arthropod and to which group it belongs. However, none of the books discussed when arthropods emerged and what led to this "boom." It is hoped that the results of this work will show that textbooks, even with pre-evaluation, contain small errors and should not be the sole source of knowledge for students. Moreover, it is expected that this work will serve as a reference for researchers who wish to analyze whether the changes in the textbooks of the New High School had a significant impact on the approach to arthropod content.