Desenvolvimento tecnológico e caracterização da droga vegetal e dos extratos vegetais obtidos de Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (Juazeiro)

Abstract

Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. is a shrubby tree found in the Brazilian Northeast, with wide distribution in the Caatinga biome, popularly known as juazeiro. Due to its high content of saponins, the species is of great interest for medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to standardize the hydroalcoholic and dry extracts by nebulization of young individuals collected in different periods of cultivation and adult individual, as well as to apply in phytocosmetic toothpaste gel, seeking to obtain an alternative source of vegetable raw material of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry preserving the species. The hydroalcoholic extracts of young and adult individuals were obtained by pilot-scale macerated, subsequently dry by spray using dried spray presenting yield above 85%. The analytical methods for quantification of saponins- tannins and saponins were validated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique at 460 nm wavelength. The validated parameters followed the brazilian current legislation demonstrating the good sensitivity, accuracy and robustness of the analytical method, confirming the suitability for routine analysis. The data show that the content of the majority marker present in the young individual grows as a function of time, and the concentration of saponins in the extracts of the juazeiro of the young individual, after eighteen months of cultivation, higher than that of the adult individual. Based on this, a 2.5% juazeiro-based toothpaste gel formulation was developed using the dry extract of the young individual. Quality control assays and preliminary stability study were performed during 90 days of toothpaste gel, observing the absence of changes in organoleptic properties and pH. Thus, the plant drug from young individuals of Z. joazeiro Mart. represents an excellent alternative as an active pharmaceutical input in the production of phytocosmetics, besides considerably reducing the plant predatory extraction of the specimen.