Análise dos componentes do óleo essencial de Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul) L. P. Queiroz (FABACEAE)

Abstract

The use of plants by the most different civilizations dates back to the Paleolithic era and they are used for the most diverse purposes. The species Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz belongs to the Fabaceae family and is used from animal feed to the treatment of diseases. Scientific research shows that P. pyramidalis has several biological activities such as: antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiulcerogenic and gastroprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and molluscicidal. In the phytochemical area, studies show that P. pyramidalis presents phenolic compounds, flavonoids and biflavonoids, lignans, gallic acid, steroids, phenylpropanoids and tannins in its secondary metabolism, but studies on volatile compounds are still scarce. Therefore, this work aims to carry out a phytochemical study of the species P. pyramidalis, in order to evaluate the chemical composition of its essential oil. The plant sample of the species under study was carried out in the municipality of São João do Cariri - PB. The process of extracting the essential oil from the leaves of the species P. pyramidalis was obtained through hydrodistillation at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Campus II of the Federal University of Paraíba. The GC-MS analysis, carried out at the Characterization and Analysis Laboratory of the Institute for Research in Pharmaceuticals and Medicines, Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba, identified the presence of 17 substances of natural origin. The main compounds identified in the EO of P. pyramidalis were (E)-2-hexenal (55.09%) and (Z)-3,7-dimethyl 1,3,6-octatriene (13.63%). Among the aromas presented by the substances, most of the identified compounds present a herbal odor profile. Regarding the biological activities, the analysis of the EO components of P. pyramidalis corroborate the existing bibliographic information, since the leaves present several biological activities. In the EO of P. pyramidalis, the compound 13-epi-mannoyl oxide was identified for the first time, a compound that presents antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial biological activities. Thus, the identification of volatile components together with the bibliographic review allowed the expansion of chemical knowledge of the species under study.