O efeito da igualdade de gênero na segurança alimentar dos Países: uma abordagem com dados de painel

Abstract

Does gender equality improve countries' food security? According to the United Nations, 30% of the world's population suffered from food insecurity in 2021, even though the world is producing enough food to meet all global demand. Hunger is also linked to gender inequality: women have less access to food than men. Studies have shown that greater gender equality in favor of women can represent a vector for increased food security in society. However, most research is limited to case studies or the impact of gender equality on specific aspects of food security, mainly in relation to child malnutrition. Making use of the panel data tool, this article presents a global analysis of the effect of gender equality on food security in 157 countries from 2001 to 2020. Using the bidirectional fixed effects model with a covariance matrix for robust errors, the results demonstrated that: (1) a drop in maternal mortality rates has a negative effect on the prevalence of malnutrition across countries; and (2) an increase in the number of female seats in national parliaments has a negative effect on the prevalence of malnutrition across countries.