Performance produtiva de variedades de café arabica em Areia

Abstract

In the Brazilian context, coffee production has different and peculiar nuances in each decade, in order to give Brazil leadership in the production, commercialization and valorization of coffee growing, the Brazilian northeast is the second largest producer of Arabica coffee in the country, being the state of Paraíba, specifically in Brejo Paraibano. The present work aimed to evaluate the productive performance of coffee genotypes in the municipality of Areia-PB. The experiment was conducted in the experimental agricultural area “Chã de Jardim”, at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus-II, Areia-PB. The Coffea arabica genotypes analyzed were: Arara, Bourbon, Catuaí Amarelo (62), Catuaí Vermelho (144), Catucaí and Mundo Novo (24/137), definitively transplanted to the cultivation area in 2020. The parameters: green, ripe, raisin and dry, fresh mass of 3 plants. Catucaí presented the best values (fresh weight of 0.5 L: 0.270; 0.270; 0.275; 0.255 for Catuí 24/37 and 0.275; 0.260; 0.275; 0.255 for Catuí 144), these values showing the superiority of genotypes in relation to other genotypes. Regarding maturation, Catucaí 24/137 and 144 presented maturation above 75%, followed by the Arara and Mundo Novo varieties. The result presented the genotype Catucaí Amarelo 24/137 and Arara demonstrating the best productive performance for cultivation in the Brejo Paraibano region to date. In terms of grain quality, the harvest season provided a greater quantity of ripe fruits of the catucaí and catuaí varieties, but with a significant quantity of dried fruits, demonstrating irregular maturation, requiring division and selection in their harvest. In terms of sweetness, the Mundo Novo variety is the best for cultivation in the region, as it achieves brix values reaching the maximum, when compared to the brix of coffee produced in other Brazilian states. The Bourbon variety was the one that showed low adaptability to the conditions of the Paraíba marsh and, consequently, lower productivity. The best productivity of bags per hectare was catuaí and mundo novo, catuaí requiring more studies of its management to enhance its production.