As vozes do oceano: uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o papel de atores não-estatais na governança marinha brasileira

Abstract

The pressure on planetary systems, a consequence of the problems generated by globalization, is exceeding the safety limits for human well-being on Earth, as well as for its ecosystems. In this context, the conservation and conscious use of ocean resources is proving to be a big challenge, both at local and international levels, as pointed out by the United Nations at the launch of the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-230). Seeking to contribute to the effort to promote scientific production on ocean sustainability, this study, in continuity with the Scientific Initiation program, sought to analyze the role of non-state actors in Brazilian marine governance. Using the systematic literature review method, a total of 24 articles were observed based on three dimensions: i) bibliometric axis, ii) methodological axis, and iii) substantive axis. To understand the participation of these non-traditional actors in actions aimed at the management and conservation of ocean resources in Brazil, a categorization of actor groups was established, divided into: NGOs, Epistemic Communities, Traditional Peoples, Artisanal Fishermen, Industries, Women, and Stakeholders (for other types of actors and unspecified cases). Among the results observed, it was found that 70% of the studies evaluate local institutional arrangements, focusing mainly on MPAs. In addition, only 8% of the literature analyzed showed any effort to discuss sustainability agendas at the international level, such as the SDGs and the Ocean Decade. Based on these and other results, there is a need to expand research, especially considering that the joint activity of the local community and scientific knowledge, aligned with international policy, is fundamental to promoting effective governance initiatives. Giving a voice to these and other non-state actors is the first step towards the Ocean We Want.