Preparados homeopáticos na propagação por fracionamento da palma orelha de elefante Opuntia stricta

Abstract

Homeopathy is a practice that can be widely used in agroecological production systems, as it does not cause contamination to living beings and the environment. Homeopathic preparations increase the vigor in plants and provide harmonic development of all their organs, in addition, it can confer a degree of structural resistance to tissues in relation to the incidence of diseases and pests. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of homeopathic preparations in the propagation by fractionation of the Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta) palm. For the experiment, rackets of the Mexican Elephant Ear (Opuntia stricta) palm were selected and developed, healthy and free from infestations with pests and diseases. Then, fragments were removed from each racket of about 4.0cm x 4.0cm containing at least one yolk / areola. These fragments underwent a new five-day healing / healing process before being planted to receive treatments. The treatments were identified as: Fragment Witness Apical; Middle Witness Fragment; Basal Witness fragment (all without the application of homeopathic preparations); Apical fragment + Arnica montana CH 12; Apical Fragment + Carbo vegetabilis CH 12; Apical Fragment + Chamomilla CH 12; Median fragment + Arnica montana CH 12; Median fragment + Carbo vegetabilis CH 12; Median Fragment + Chamomilla CH 12; Basal fragment + Arnica montana CH 12; Median fragment + Carbo vegetabilis CH 12; Basal Fragment + Chamomilla CH 12. The following evaluations were carried out: sprout count and measurements of length, width and thickness of each sprout at 160 and 220 days after planting. At the end of the experiment in each treatment and in each repetition, four plants were selected to obtain dry root mass. For the number of shoots, the preparation of Carbo vegetabilis was superior to the other treatments in all cuts, standing out in the basal cut with the highest average number of shoots (7.25) and in the median cut (4.00). At the time of sprouting, the preparation of Carbo vegetabilis stood out from the others, with a maximum height of 6,64 cm in the Medium cut. In the Apical cut there was no difference between treatments. For the thickness of the shoots, the preparation of Carbo vegetabilis obtained higher values in the Basal cut (B) (0,97 cm). In the median cut (M) the Chamomilla and Carbo vegetabilis preparations stood out among the other treatments. For sprout width (LB), the highest values were obtained in the Basal cut (B) with preparation of Carbo vegetabilis (4,75cm). In the middle section, the Chamomilla preparation stood out, differing statistically from the other preparations. In the Apical section (A), only the Chamomilla preparation that obtained inferior results, differing from the treatments tested. The treatment of the fragments with the preparation of Carbo vegetabilis obtained greater accumulation of dry mass in all cuts. The homeopathic preparation of Carbo vegetabilis in the treatment of fractionated cladodes can be recommended in the propagation of forage palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana using the Basal cut.