Infográfico aos pacientes idosos que fazem hemodiálise: orientações a serem cumpridas em casa

Abstract

Introduction: Elderly people undergoing hemodialysis require differentiated assistance, which should contain guidance on the main care they should have at hom e between hemodialysis sessions. However, in general, when they return for hemodialysis procedures, they usually present a worsening of the clinical condition, verified by comparing vital signs, weight control and signs and symptoms at discharge from the hemodialysis session and on their return to the clinic for a new session. , confirming that there was no follow-up, in their homes, of the instructions given to them. Objective: to analyze the care provided by the elderly in their homes during intervals of hemodialysis therapy. Method: research divided into two stages. In the first, a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in a Hemodialysis Clinic, in which the problems reported by the elderly in the return for hemodialysis procedures and the nursing guidelines given to them were identified. Afterwards, a nursing care plan was drawn up involving all the necessary guidance during the hemodialysis sessions and at home. In the second stage, a technological product was developed aimed at elderly people undergoing hemodialysis treatment, to guide them in relation to their home care; it was applied research of technological production in which the User-Centered Design Method was adopted. Results: elderly patients showed inappropriate and recurrent behavior during their stay at home, with poor nutrition, physical work, lack of rest, excessive fluid intake, carelessness regarding the Arteriovenous Fistula and the catheter, showing edema on the f ace, legs and eyes, among others. The nursing guidelines given during hemodialysis were verbal and told them to avoid drinking too much water, to apply compresses to the fistula and catheter, and to notify the clinic in case of absences. The elaborated car e plan was anchored in the author's professional experience and in the support of the consulted literature and involved several procedural steps to be carried out by nurses in the Hemodialysis Clinic, considering a series of initial conducts, those during hemodialysis and those after hemodialysis, including the recommendations to be followed at home. As for the technological product, a prototype of an infographic was built, with guidelines for patients undergoing hemodialysis on how to proceed in their home environment, between hemodialysis intervals. Essentially, it contains general information about the need for hemodialysis and those related to care for the arteriovenous fistula, the catheter, dietary care, fluid control, care in cases of bleeding, blood pressure measurement, with the need to rest, with the performance of ludic activities, among others. Conclusion: The care offered with the recommendations for the home was being insufficient for elderly people on hemodialysis. The elaboration of the infographic destined to them represented an advance in relation to the guidelines that they follow in their homes and the elaborated care plan will allow the guidance of the health and nursing team in relation to a series of necessary care, both in the Hemodialysis Clinic and in at patients' homes, between hemodialysis sessions.