Efeito do uso de diferentes inoculantes sob os componentes de produção da soja

Abstract

Soy is one of the most important and widely cultivated crops around the world, playing a fundamental role in global agriculture and in the economies of many countries. In addition to being a source of protein, oil or fuel, it plays a crucial role in food and industry. The state of Paraíba does not have significant production when compared to other states in Brazil. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in Brazilian soybeans is crucial for its sustainability. Through the symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium bacteria and soybean plants, atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrogenous compounds that benefit the plant. Another alternative are bacteria of the Azospirillum genus, which promote plant growth, providing greater root growth and, consequently, better host development. The present work aimed to evaluate the productive components of the crop, subjected to seed inoculation with different doses of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba. The experiment was installed under field conditions on October 20, 2023, in the experimental area of Chã de Jardim, belonging to the Center for Agricultural Sciences – CCA of the Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, Campus II, located in the municipality of Areia – PB . The statistical design used was randomized blocks (DBC) with seven treatments (T1 - Control, T2 - 80g/50kg of Bradyrhizobium seeds, T3 - 120g/50kg of Bradyrhizobium seeds, T4 - 160g/50kg of Bradyrhizobium seeds , T5 – 100ml/ha 1 of Azospirillum, T6 - 150ml/ha-1 of Azospirillum, T7 - 200ml/ha-1 of Azospirillum), and three replications, totaling 21 plots. Each experimental unit consisted of four 4 m rows, spaced 0.50 m between rows and approximately 0.06 m between plants. After carrying out the experiment, the data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The inoculants used were composed of the bacteria Bradrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, in solid format, and the bacteria Azospirillum brasiliense and Pseudomonas fluorescens, in liquid format. The harvest was carried out 144 days after sowing. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height; first pod insertion height, number of pods per plant, pod weight, thousand seed weight and productivity. No significant difference was observed for any of the evaluated parameters. The different doses of inoculants were probably not decisive in the development of the plants. It is necessary to develop cultivars aimed at making better use of the photoperiod, which proved to be a key factor in the development of the crop in Areia-PB, in addition to the need to repeat the experiment in order to confirm the results, since this was the first year of cultivation on site.