Aspectos psicossociais da sintomatologia depressiva e avaliação de aprendizagem em crianças no contexto escolar

Abstract

Childhood depression is a multifaceted mood disorder that encompasses biological, psychological and social aspects. These aspects go beyond the sensation of normal and temporary sadness, it is an organic disturbance that involves several variables. In this context, we sought to study the theme through the Theory of Social Representations (TRS), which enabled access to the network of interpretations and meanings, shared by social actors, building a practical and shared knowledge on the subject. In this sense, the following dissertation aimed to characterize social aspects of the symptomatology of depression in the school context. Structurally, it was divided into two parts, the first consisting of the theoretical chapter and the second consisting of three studies. In the first study, the contextualization of the object of study. The other two empirical studies were guided by the TRS. The first empirical study analyzed the Social Representations (RS) of social actors, based on three evoked words (depression, depressed person and myself). 120 students, aged 8 to 12 years, from private institutions in Campina Grande-PB participated. The participants answered the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Free Association of Words Technique. The data were processed by SPSS (version 21) and TriDeux-Mots and interpreted by Correspondence Factor Analysis. It was observed that depression has implications in the social life of social actors, as well as in their quality of life and perceptions of themselves. The second empirical study aimed to know the RS on depression, prepared by children. Thirty students, between 8 and 12 years old, regularly enrolled in elementary school participated. They answered the sociodemographic questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. The data were processed by SPSS (version 21) and software Alceste and Iramuteq, and analyzed by CHD, Word Cloud. Two main axes of meaning emerged: "Self-perception and social relations" and "Depression as a psychological disease. In this way, the shared representations and elaborated by the students, in the construction of meanings of the depressive picture can subsidize the development of preventive practices in the school context, this family and for children.