Estenose pulmonar e comunicação interventricular em cadela sem raça definida: relato de caso

Abstract

Pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect are congenital heart diseases resulting from anomalies during the embryonic period, and are more common in purebred animals. Pulmonary stenosis is characterized by narrowing of the pulmonary valve, which impairs the right ventricular outflow tract, while ventricular septal defect is a malformation of the ventricular septum, in the muscular or membranous portion, characterized by a septal opening and detour of blood between the ventricular chambers. The clinical signs of stenosis are exercise intolerance, syncope and right-sided congestive heart failure. The clinical condition caused by ventricular septal defect depends on the direction of the shunt, as ventricular septal defect occurs according to the difference in pressure in the heart chambers; it can occur from the left ventricle to the right ventricle or the other way around. Complementary tests such as chest X-rays and electrocardiography are important tools for assessing the morphology and electrical activity of the heart in such diseases, while the gold standard for diagnosis is Doppler echocardiography. In addition to diagnosis, it is possible to establish the degree of both anomalies by measuring the pressure gradient using the Doppler method. Treatment is carried out according to the clinical signs presented and the hemodynamic consequences caused by the two diseases. The aim of this study is to report a case of pulmonary stenosis and concomitant ventricular septal defect in a five-year old female canine, without a defined breed, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba, which was diagnosed and the degree of the diseases classified using echocardiography.