As influências da religião e cultura muçulmana no nordeste arabizado entre os séculos XVI e XIX

Abstract

The work objectively aims to show the meandering path that the Arab Muslim religion took from the Umayyad Caliphate, established in Damascus in Syria, to Paraíba in northeastern Brazil, its expansion and conquest of Africa where the two extremes were found: poverty and wealth, and soon after, the Iberian Peninsula, its influence in the face of the long period of Muslim domination in both continents, African and European, provoking a strong enculturation of the Muslim Arab people with African and Iberian people. There is influence in navigation, with the updating of maritime charts, use of the astrolabe and compass, and also in the construction of caravels; in the language: words like lettuce, tar, storekeeper; in mathematics: geometry, used in geometric arabesques, Arabic numerals; in agriculture, irrigation and livestock; as well as in architecture, art, cooking, musical instruments: drums, violin, guitar, viola; music: musical rite, the almost identical musical scale of the Moorish and baião rites; in literature works such as: the Incredible and Fascinating History of the Moorish Captain. With all this Arab Muslim heritage and culture, the Portuguese and Spanish and soon after the blacks, landed in Paraíba, which had a community in formation, causing great influence, mainly due to the interracial crossing between the native Indian, the white and the black. However, even today we find traces of Muslim influence in the historical complex of San Francisco present in our religious art and architecture, such as the use of arches and arabesques with geometric designs. Which is extensive to the entire Brazilian Northeast. In addition to proving the great vector of Arab cultural transfer to Paraíba, the religion founded by the Prophet Mohammed, which has the heart as the source of the correct decisions of every human being, according to the Koran, which is the will of the One God.