Governança e internacionalização de organizações criminosas : a expansão do primeiro comando da capital para a Europa

Abstract

This work aims to understand the interconnection between criminal governance and the process of internationalization of criminal organizations, based on the study of the expansion of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) to Europe. It is based on the hypothesis that criminal governance is a necessary variable for engendering the process of organized crime internationalization. In this sense, the findings demonstrate a causal mechanism composed of different stages, in which, in Stage 1, it is observed that the imposition of rules and the standardization of ideas by the PCC allowed the control of its members, to the extent that the faction expanded in the Brazilian prison system to key trafficking countries, such as Paraguay and Bolivia, as well as allowing the management of activities in Europe. In Stage 2, it was found that the creation of criminal market governance mechanisms gave the group legitimacy to execute business and win over partners outside its state of origin, such as Bolivian cocaine producers and European mafias. Finally, in Stage 3, civilian governance was also fundamental, albeit to a lesser extent, for the group to take center stage in strategic locations for its expansion into Europe, such as the area in Baixada Santista. This expansion process enabled the presence of PCC members and partners in European territory and once and for all consolidated its proto-mafia status, therefore highlighting the importance of continuous analysis of criminal governance for a better understanding of the faction's next steps.