Avaliação quanti-qualitativa de uma experiência multissensorial no ensino da anatomia do sistema circulatório humano

Abstract

Human anatomy is a descriptive science that relies on nomenclature to understand the structures represented. The Circulatory System, which is part of Systemic Anatomy, is extremely important for the functioning of the body, and is used as a basis for crosscutting themes such as health promotion, making it possible to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in the classroom it is necessary to promote meaningful learning about this system, and it is important to link the vision of its heterogeneity, where different students end up learning in different ways, therefore needing ample stimuli so that everyone can have their process of assimilating the content, which is sometimes not applied. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the experience of a multisensory methodological proposal used in the 8th grade of elementary school to improve understanding of the Circulatory System. To this end, questionnaires were used, including the VARK to check how the classroom behaves, classifying students according to their preferences, such as visual, auditory, reading and writing or multimodal. In addition, two others included questions about the constitution and relevant aspects of the system, one before the experiment, analyzing prior knowledge from the lecture given by the head teacher, and one after the visit to the Morphological Sciences Museum, This was a field where they were immersed in various stimuli (a dialogued lecture and a synthetic heart macromodel to stimulate the visual field, a natural bovine heart for the kinesthetic field, a parody and its printed lyrics for the auditory field and reading), verifying the points they had learned about the System, where they were also able to describe their impressions of the methodology. The results showed that there are different learning styles in a classroom, and also that multisensory teaching, with the adoption of diversified teaching tools such as those used, adds to the students' learning. When analyzing previous and acquired knowledge of the main constituents of the Circulatory System, there was an improvement in the assimilation of the content applied and also the development of effective participation, since the student's interest was aroused based on their preferences. There was a predominance of the multimodal style in the sample, making the sensory diversification used important, followed by the kinesthetic style, demonstrating the participants' great motivation for practical stimuli. In addition, the relevance of what was identified can be seen in the focus on the concern to adopt multisensory teaching as a methodological proposal for teachers, resulting in a better teaching and learning process.