Hidronefrose grave em canino da raça bulldog inglês - relato de caso

Abstract

The urinary system of dogs and cats consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, with the kidneys being crucial for homeostasis, waste excretion, and hormone production. The structural integrity and adequate blood perfusion of the kidneys are essential for their function. However, this system can be compromised by pathogens, nephrotoxic substances, or obstructions such as neoplasms and urolithiasis, which lead to the formation of uroliths. Hydronephrosis, characterized by obstruction of the renal collecting system and dilation of the renal pelvis, impairs its function. English Bulldogs have a genetic predisposition to urolithiasis, making early diagnosis and obstruction identification essential. This paper reports a case of severe hydronephrosis in a four-year-old male English Bulldog, presented to the HV-UFPB after eight days of hematuria. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension and cardiac arrhythmia; ultrasonography confirmed hydronephrosis in the right kidney. An emergency ureteronephrectomy was successfully performed, and the patient received postoperative care. Histopathological examination confirmed the severity of the hydronephrosis. Seventeen days after surgery, the dog returned for suture removal and reevaluation. A blood count showed normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia, and urinalysis revealed casts and triple phosphate (struvite) crystals, proteinuria, and neutral pH, prompting the recommendation of a specific diet for urinary disorders. Nephropathy due to hydronephrosis can cause irreversible kidney damage, making early diagnosis essential to determine the appropriate treatment, which can range from conservative to surgical, depending on the stage of the disease.