Efeito da suplementação com Arthrospira platensis sobre a reatividade da traqueia e a capacidade antioxidante pulmonar de ratos asmáticos

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by constriction and inflammation of the airways, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conventional asthma treatment is responsible for several adverse effects, making the search for alternative therapies relevant. In this context, it is included the species Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (AP), a microalga known for its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antioxidant effects, making it a strong candidate for treating asthma. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of AP supplementation on the tracheal reactivity and pulmonary antioxidant capacity of Wistar rats sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). For this, the animals were divided into control group (GC), asthmatic group (GA), GA + AP 30 mg/kg (GAAP30), GA + AP 100 mg/kg (GAAP100) and GA + AP 300 mg/kg (GAAP300). Asthma was induced by sensitization and challenge with OVA for 21 days and AP was administered daily orally (gavage) (CEUA/UFPB: 3255100522). It has been observed that the contractile potency to carbachol did not differ between the groups, while there was an increase in efficacy in GA (Emax= 130.8±6.9%; EC50= 1.3±0.6x10-6 M) compared to CG ( Emax= 100%; EC50= 9.6±1.7x10-7 M) which was prevented in GAAP30 (Emax= 94.7±7.8%; EC50= 2.4±0.6x10- 7 M), GAAP100 (Emax= 61.7±7.9%; EC50= 9.5±2.7x10-7 M) and GAAP300 (Emax= 105.7±6.8%; EC50= 4.8±0.5x10-7 M). Furthermore, both the efficacy and the relaxing potency of aminophylline were reduced in GA (Emax= 85.1±1.5%; EC50= 1.0±0.05x10-3 M), compared to CG (Emax = 95.8±2.8%; EC50 = 7.8±0.6x10-4 M), and was prevented in GAAP100 (Emax= 98.1±1.2%; EC50= 7.4±0.2x10-4 M) and in GAAP300 (Emax= 86.9±3.6%; EC50= 8.4±0.4x10-4 M), while GAAP30 only prevented efficacy (Emax= 87.1±7.5%; EC50= 1.1±0.03x10-3 M). Differently, there was no difference in the efficacy and relaxing potency of sodium nitroprusside between GC (Emax= 74.2±12.0%; EC50= 4.2±1.5x10-4 M) and GA (Emax= 66,8±4.6%; EC50= 1.7±0.3x10-3 M), just as there was no difference between the GAAP30 (Emax= 68.9 ± 8.2%; EC50= 1.3±0 .3x10-3 M), GAAP100 (Emax= 83.3±6.7%; EC50= 2.7±0.7x10-3 M) and GAAP300 groups (Emax= 87.6±6.5%; EC50= 3.6±1.4x10-3 M). Total antioxidant capacity was reduced in GA (13.4±1.2%) compared to GC (22.2±0.5%) and was prevented in GAAP30 (20.9±1.7%) and GAAP300 (34.5±2.1%), while GAAP100 did not prevent (12.9±1.8%). These results suggest a modulation of AP in the pharmacomechanical coupling of contraction and relaxation, as well as in the pulmonary antioxidant apparatus of asthmatic rats, indicating AP as a candidate natural product for the treatment of asthma.