Avaliação de impactos cumulativos no Licenciamento Ambiental de Complexos Eólicos no Estado da Paraíba

Abstract

Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) is an internationally recognized and recommended practice in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, especially in projects that exhibit spatial concentration capable of causing significant impacts (DIBO, 2018). Wind energy projects are characterized by this spatial accumulation, particularly in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. Considering that CIA can contribute to a better understanding of environmental consequences, especially in light of the growing significance of impacts associated with wind projects, this work aims to analyze the approach to cumulative impacts and cumulative impact assessment in Environmental Impact Studies (EIAs) and environmental licensing processes in the State of Paraíba. To achieve this, qualitative research was conducted using documentary analysis techniques of EIAs, terms of reference, minutes from public hearings, reports, and other technical documents related to the projects in the environmental licensing process. The results indicate that, despite the recommendations present in environmental legislation and some terms of reference, the approach to CIA lacks effective implementation. Ultimately, the findings suggest the need to enhance the processes of evaluation and management of cumulative impacts in the environmental licensing of wind energy projects in the State of Paraíba.