Desafios na compreensão da função quadrática: dificuldades dos alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio nos conceitos básicos

Abstract

Functions are fundamental in all areas of mathematics, and the quadratic function, also known as the function of the 2nd degree, stands out for its characteristics, such as the graph, the domain, and the roots. In addition, its applications in everyday life can be seen in the calculation of projectile launches and movements, as well as in the prediction of angles, area optimization, among others. The present study aims to analyze the difficulties presented by students in the 1st year of high school in understanding the concept addressed. The methodology adopted was the descriptive quantitative research, in which a questionnaire on the exposed theme was used, applied to a 1st year high school class, in order to collect relevant data for this study. The results indicate that the students analyzed are more focused on the use of technological resources than on the search for a deeper understanding of teaching and learning. Mathematics classes, often described in a traditional way, can be one of the obstacles to the development of these students. There is also a lack of interest in exploring new knowledge, which further aggravates the teaching and learning process. This scenario is reflected in alarming statistics in Brazil, which can compromise the country's educational progress. Thus, it is concluded that students face difficulties in relation to certain contents and, in many cases, are unable to associate theoretical concepts with their practical application. Among these contents, the quadratic function stands out.