A construção do "Novo Cangaço" como nova ameaça terrorista no Brasil: uma análise a partir da teoria da securitização

Abstract

How does the securitization process of the “New Cangaço” take place in Brazil? This question guides this research, since “New Cangaço”, a violent social phenomenon in Brazil, represents a threat to public and national security, involving patterns of armed and violent conduct against civilians and security forces to carry out major robberies in small and medium-sized towns. These groups show transnational tendencies, which has aroused national political concern. In this sense, Bill of Law No. 610/2022 aims to bring the actions of “New Cangaço” under Brazil's counter-terrorism legislation, making it possible to analyze the criminal manifestation from the perspective of international security. Based on this, this study analyzes the case based on securitization theory, seeking to understand how “New Cangaço” has been constructed as a terrorist threat. The objectives include reviewing the securitization process focused on drug trafficking, presenting the “New Cangaço” as a manifestation of organized crime in Brazil and describing the securitization process through Bill 610/2022. The data was collected from the legislative production on terrorism and the aforementioned Bill, parliamentary speeches, online journalistic articles and specialized publications on the criminal actions of “New Cangaço”, including data from the Brazilian Public Security Forum. The analysis was conducted using a methodology based on the theory of securitization, which is based on discourse analysis. The geographical cut-off was determined by the origin of the phenomenon and the legislative process, while the temporal cut-off (2000-2023) covers the first criminal manifestations of “New Cangaço” groups and the development of security discourses.