Anemia por deficiência de cobre: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Copper deficiency anemia is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition, characterized by hematological alterations such as macrocytic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, along with neurological manifestations that may include peripheral neuropathy and myeloneuropathy. This study aimed to conduct an integrative literature review on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of copper deficiency anemia, as well as to identify associated risk factors. The reviewed studies emphasize the importance of copper in iron transport, hemoglobin synthesis, and energy metabolism. The review also highlighted adverse interactions between copper and other metals, such as zinc, which can impair its absorption, particularly in bariatric patients and those using mineral supplements or zinc-rich denture adhesives. Additionally, the impact of copper deficiency on specific groups, such as pregnant women, infants, and patients with intestinal malabsorption, was discussed. Treatment typically involves copper supplementation, which has been effective in correcting hematological alterations, although neurological symptoms, once established, may be irreversible. It is concluded that awareness and early diagnosis of this condition are essential to prevent severe complications, and future research should focus on mineral interactions and the long-term complications of copper deficiency.