ESTUDO DESCRITIVO DO PERFIL DE RISCO GESTACIONAL E DESFECHOS MATERNOS NAS SÍNDROMES HIPERTENSIVAS

Abstract

The relevance that Hypertensive Disorders assume during pregnancy can be measured from the visualization of the impacts on maternal and perinatal outcomes. It is estimated that they complicate on up to 10% of pregnancies, and Hypertension, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is responsible for 14% of maternal deaths in the world. It is recognized that the worst maternal-fetal outcomes are directly related to the severity of the hypertensive disorder. Thus, recognizing women at higher risk and devising strategies to predict complications can help in timely interventions, such as increased surveillance, symptom treatment and transfer to higher complexity service. The objectives of the present study were to describe the clinical profile of women admitted for pregnancy resolution at the maternity hospital of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW) and to evaluate the maternal repercussions of gestational hypertensive syndromes. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, of the observational type. The study population consisted of puerperal women with gestational hypertensive syndromes, admitted to the obstetric center of HULW from March 2021 to November 2022 and the sample was formed by 180 patients. The data were systematized in order to trace the clinical profile from sociodemographic variables and obstetric characteristics. An average age of 30.2 years and a predominance of brown women, who maintained a stable union and had a level of education below higher education, were observed. The average BMI was 34.9 ± 5.3 Kg/m2 and most of the patients denied comorbidities prior to pregnancy. When parity, multiparas stood out, representing 62.3% of the sample. The most prevalent Hypertensive Disorder was chronic hypertension, affecting 48.8% of the sample, followed by gestational hypertension in 30.8%. The average gestational age of pregnancy interruption was 38.1 weeks, with Cesarean section being the most frequent delivery route. Regarding adverse maternal outcomes, three patients presented, in the course of pregnancy, imminent eclampsia, but none evolved to eclampsia, and only one patient had HELLP Syndrome diagnosed as a complication. No patient presented APE or DIC and no maternal death was recorded. Thus, it is concluded that Hypertensive Disorders during pregnancy represent a significant problem for maternal and child health. Prediction, based on the identification of risk factors in the patient’s clinical history, is essential to ensure timely interventions that reduce the morbidity and mortality of hypertensive syndromes.