AVALIAÇÃO DAS LESÕES SÓLIDAS BENIGNAS DO FÍGADO: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Benign solid tumors of the liver are a heterogeneous group of lesions, usually asymptomatic, with increasingly diagnosed due to the extensive use of medical imaging. Despite their low cancerous nature, it can result in serious complications. An appropriate evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis. This narrative review aims to highlight the main aspects, clinical, histological, laboratory and radiological, repercussions and management of benign solid lesions of the liver focusing on the most frequent ones, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma. Hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors and are characterized by well-defined, solid, single or multiple, highly vascularized lesions. In general, focal nodular hyperplasia, the second most common benign lesion of the liver, is characterized by having a central scar as one of its classic features and has a good prognosis. On the other hand, adenomas can be distinguished from other lesions because they arise in a clinical setting mainly associated with the use of oral contraceptives and present as well-defined solid lesions. Larger adenomas have a significant risk of spontaneous rupture, hemorrhage and malignant transformation. Although the evaluation of liver tumors is challenging, the literature shows that with the analysis of clinical, histological, laboratory and imaging data together, the distinct characteristics of each lesion become evident, enabling appropriate diagnosis and management.