ANÁLISE DO USO DE MODELOS 3D NO PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DE ANATOMIA HUMANA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS DOCENTES E DISCENTES

Abstract

Human anatomy is an ancient medical science and is part of the common curricular base for students of health courses. In recent decades, the anatomy education scenario is experiencing new approaches and multimodal proposals, given the demands of modern education. In this sense, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is gaining space, allowing the creation of three-dimensional physical models based on virtual surface scan images or patient imaging scans. In this study, public domain data were used to construct a 3D part of the external anatomy of the heart and its vessels, as well as vessels of the base and elements of the mediastinum, such as the tracheobronchial tree and esophagus. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of this innovative resource in the teaching-learning process of human anatomy from the perspective of teachers and students in the health area. It was carried out at the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Morphology (DMORF) of the Health Sciences Center (CCS) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). The sample consisted of 6 professors of DMORF and a total of 61 students from the Speech Therapy (22), Physical Education (10), Pharmacy (15), Nutrition (8) and Biomedicine (6) courses, who were involved in the cardiovascular anatomy discipline in the academic period 2021.2 and 2022.1. All agreed to participate by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form. The data collection instruments were two research attempts, one for the professors and the other for the students, composed of sociodemographic data, followed by specific questions about this complementary tool. This second part of the triangle had a table with statements that the participants should judge on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, according to their degree of agreement or disagreement. Qualitative variables were described in absolute and relative frequencies, and quantitative variables represented by mean and median. In the students' subjects, the chi-square test was applied to assess whether there was an association between each variable in relation to the agreement categories. In addition, Fisher's exact test was used when appropriate. The results generated a positive evaluation of the 3D part by the professors, suggesting that there is potential to produce parts with sufficient refinement to be used as an additional tool in teaching anatomy in aviation. All came to the consensual conclusion that they were interested in using this 3D part in the course, as well as being interested in making other 3D models for other regions. Furthermore, the agreement of the students in the use of this 3D model as a means of facilitating the spatial anatomical anatomy and helping to identify the elements in the cadaveric specimen was highlighted. Also note that students who are fully motivated with the use of the 3D model are in a younger age group, up to 19 years old. Thus, a positive perception of teachers and academics about the educational value of 3D printing as an alternative methodology for teaching anatomy was demonstrated. Finally, the potential benefits of three-dimensional printing should be evaluated in further investigations, mainly involving other regions with greater complexity and demanding cognitive load.