Merleau-Ponty e a linguagem: a literatura existencial como antessala da filosofia

Abstract

This research aims to incorporate literary criticism and literature in phenomenology of existence studies, especially based on Maurice MerleauPonty. Two points are important to consider: first of all, a specific philosophical "system" allows the theoretical potential to examine literature, as a "return to things and phenomena," as a phenomenology way. This choice is an existentialism that places phenomenological analysis at the forefront of literary or philosophical considerations. The second point is to build a "space" in which the intersection of existentialist philosophy and literary production forms a mutuality. The effort is to establish a relation between the phenomenology of existence and literature that is not only a correspondence, but a "space", a "domain", an "antechamber" where the two spheres can dialogue. Specifically, this research will seek to reveal how the production of language, non-verbal communication and emotional awareness of the individual subject are activities with multiple functions and implications in philosophical writing and literary production. Such an analysis will take place through the works of MerleauPonty, contextualizing his work, his dialogues and his influences, after all, like Husserl, he faces phenomenology as a continuous process to be carried out by generations of philosophers. Based on this perspective some questions will be debated throughout this research: how does phenomenology appear in the literature? How does the use of subject language extend beyond conversational dialogue into written texts? How does literature create a broader "dialogue" that transcends the initial statement and introduces new types of intersubjectivity between author and reader? How does the affective intelligence figure within the interpersonal experience of the existentialist characters? How can nonverbal emerge from written text and create another form of communication?