Macrofauna do solo em diferentes estratégias de restauração ecológica na Amazônia Maranhense

Abstract

The destruction of ecosystems and the loss of biological diversity is evident across the planet. In Brazil, about 1.1 million hectares of forests were deforested in 2020. Of these, 106,900 hectares were deforested in the Maranhão Amazon. When suffering disturbance, ecosystems begin the regeneration process, but in many cases human intervention is necessary to stabilize the system, such as the use of active ecological restoration systems, which can be important strategies for the recovery of degraded areas. This research sought to monitor three restoration strategies: Natural Restoration; Agroforestry System; and Nucleation/Facilitation islands and their effects on soil macrofauna groups. The research was carried out in an experimental area delineated by 18 permanent plots of 900m², inserted in 6 blocks with 3 treatments (restoration strategy). The collection of macrofauna was carried out using the method of pitfall traps. Data were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, Simpson abundance, richness, and diversity indices and Pielou evenness. A total of 50.046 individuals were found, with a predominance of Formicidae (81.93%). Factorial analyses of variance and between-class analyses (BCA) were carried out to investigate the effect of the three ecological restoration methods, collection times and the dry and rainy seasons. A total of 50,046 individuals were found in 6 different collection seasons, with a predominance of Formicidae (81.93%). The results indicate that the abundance and diversity of the soil macroinvertebrate community were inversely proportional. As the age of the restoration plots advanced, Shannon-Wiener diversity, taxon richness, Pielou equitability and Margalef diversity increased. The pitfall method proved to be limited for monitoring and evaluating the soil macrofauna community in restoration plots over the years. The productive restoration strategies, with agroforestry systems (SAFs), revealed greater restoration capacity, especially in terms of the richness and diversity (H') of the soil macrofauna community.