Receptores de Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico (EGFR) e seu papel no desenvolvimento de Carcinoma Basocelular (CBC)

Abstract

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common types of skin tumors, originating from epithelial basal cells that have lost their capacity for normal differentiation and keratinization. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR), in turn, are membrane proteins that perform various functions in the skin, such as regulating cell regulation, cell differentiation, and wound healing. In this sense, the present study analyzed the association of the SNPs rs121434569 of the EGFR 790 gene and rs121434568 of the EGFR 858 gene in 142 samples of paraffin material from patients with a histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma in Paraíba. The samples were subjected to DNA protection and PCR in detail for some specifics. The allele frequency was calculated from the observed genotype frequency, while the expected genotype frequency was obtained through the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. To verify whether the observed genotype frequency was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the Chi-Square test was used. When analyzing the observed/expected genotype frequency association of the SNP rs121434569 found that the Chi-Square was 76.92, with a probability of significance of 0.001, showing that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg imbalance. Likewise, rs121434568 is in unbalanced conditions, as it presented X²= 11.56 and P value=0.0054, thus showing that the result is statistically significant for these cases, as P<0.05. EGFR expression and activity play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BCC, since the genotype frequency of samples is in conditions of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Furthermore, the extended PCR method also enabled the association with basal cell carcinoma, since the melting temperatures of the SNPs observed very conditional temperatures to identify the genotypes.