Manguezais do nordeste: ecologia, conservação e pressões ambientais

Abstract

This study reviews the literature on mangroves in Northeast Brazil, focusing on the ecology, conservation, and environmental pressures threatening these ecosystems. Mangroves are essential for coastal protection, biodiversity maintenance, and the sustenance of traditional communities. However, they face significant challenges due to urbanization, pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, and climate change impacts. The objective of this review was to identify the main threats to Northeastern mangroves and analyze conservation and sustainable management strategies that can ensure the preservation and resilience of these environments. To this end, articles from scientific databases on mangrove ecology, conservation policies, environmental impacts, and sustainability practices were selected and analyzed. The results reveal that, although there are public policies, such as Extractive Reserves and environmental education programs, the effectiveness of these measures depends on strict oversight and local community engagement. Integrated strategies of sustainable management and climate adaptation are essential to protect mangrove ecosystem services. In conclusion, the preservation of Northeastern mangroves requires a collaborative and adaptive approach, combining scientific knowledge with traditional expertise. The study highlights the urgent need for effective management practices to ensure the continuity of the ecological and socio-economic benefits provided by these ecosystems.