Avaliação do uso de bacias de detenção como estratégia para diminuição da vazão de pico na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tinto-PB

Abstract

Accelerated population growth and unplanned urbanization have intensified problems related to environmental disasters. Soil impermeabilization, combined with the inadequate occupation of floodplains and lowlands, has significantly increased the risks associated with flooding and inundation. Historically, drainage solutions have followed a model that prioritizes the rapid conveyance of stormwater, which has proven inefficient mainly in the face of increasingly complex extreme weather events. With advances in technical knowledge, structural solutions such as detention basins have been sought, aiming to delay runoff and reduce peak flows. This study aimed to analyze the hydrological parameters of the Rio Tinto watershed, in Paraíba (PB), focusing on flood mitigation along the PB-041 highway through the implementation of detention basins simulated using the HEC-HMS software. Three scenarios were considered: Scenario 0 (no intervention), Scenario 1 (a single detention basin), and Scenario 2 (multiple basins). Scenario 1 showed the best performance, achieving approximately 38% reduction in peak discharge at the outlet, while also offering greater operational simplicity and lower risk of simultaneous water release. In Scenario 2, the alternative with two basins was discarded due to low effectiveness, while the simulation with three reservoirs achieved about 37% attenuation, but introduced risks related to the synchronization of peak flows. Therefore, it was concluded that Scenario 1 represents the most efficient and feasible solution for flood control in the study area.