Análise do licenciamento ambiental de obras públicas no estado da Paraíbao: caso da Superintendência de Obras do Plano de Desenvolvimento do Estado da Paraíba no período de janeiro a julho de 2023.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the environmental licensing process in the State of Paraíba, focusing on public works carried out by the Superintendence of Works of the State Development Plan (SUPLAN). An important stage of these projects is environmental licensing, which seeks to balance economic growth with environmental conservation. The research adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches, through a literature review and analysis of official documents such as laws, regulations, and SUPLAN reports. A contextualization of Brazilian and Paraíba's environmental legislation was conducted, highlighting the main guidelines that guide the environmental licensing process in the state. The results show that the projects are distributed across various regions of the state, covering both coastal and inland areas, reflecting an effort to address multiple infrastructure demands. During the analyzed period, 88 projects were requested, with a higher concentration of requests in the months of March and May. Among the licenses requested, Environmental Licenses by Adherence and Commitment (LAC) stand out, granted to 51 of the projects, indicating a preference for faster licensing processes for lower environmental impact projects, with shorter processing times, averaging 74 days. In contrast, the LP-LI licenses were the second most frequent, indicating that larger or more complex projects require more detailed analysis. The data analysis also revealed a direct correlation between the financial scale of the projects and the time for license issuance, with higher-value projects tending to have longer approval timelines. Finally, this study highlights the need for improvements in the environmental licensing process to increase efficiency in project approval, especially for larger projects, providing a balance between agility and technical rigor.