Políticas públicas promotoras de alimentação escolar : proposição de uma matriz avaliativa em Queimadas, Paraíba

Abstract

Considered as a public policy concerned with health and education, the National School Meal Program (PNAE) represents to students in the public education network the opportunity to have regular access to adequate and healthy food, guaranteeing greater Food and Nutritional Security (SAN). Therefore, the general objective of this research was to evaluate public policies that promote nutrition in a school environment, in the municipality of Queimadas – PB, through the creation and use of a Simplified Evaluation Matrix. The study area comprised the rural and urban area of the municipality of Queimadas – PB, located in the metropolitan region of Campina Grande (Agreste Paraibano) and 137.4 km (kilometers) from the capital of Paraíba, João Pessoa. When applying the Assessment Matrix for PNAE's logistics management and food security, the research showed 100% compliance in the program's bases, 40% for the School Food Council (CAE), 75% in the execution of financial resources and provision of accounts, 75% in the food acquisition process, 41.67% in food and nutrition actions and 0% in Food and Nutritional Education (EAN) actions. A total percentage of compliance below 70%, meaning the PNAE is not in compliance with what is recommended in RDC nº6/2020 and CFN Resolution nº465/2010. In addition, an analysis was also carried out using the SWOT Matrix, which resulted in a favorability index classified as unfavorable at -39%. The global analysis of the Padaria Escola Project, also using the SWOT Matrix, resulted in a favorable index for its logistics management, categorized as balanced at 8%. Regarding the qualitative analysis of the students' eating routine, the menus evaluated in the research were classified, according to the variety of foods and final classification, as in need of improvement. In the sustainability assessment, it was found that the PNAE meets only 9 SDG targets out of a pre-defined total of 30 possibilities, corresponding to sustainability defined as poor, with a PRODS of 30%. Finally, regarding the anthropometric evaluations of the student samples at each institution selected for research, the Pearson Correlation analysis observed that weight and BMI were statistically significantly positively correlated (p<0.05) with the other variables analyzed, justifying that the degree of childhood obesity, thinness and short stature of students are associated with the existence of more than one variable influencing this pattern, related to food consumption and its nutritional quality. The management of school meals in Queimadas – PB has great potential to be developed and explored, and can bring great contributions to local sustainability and improvements in the quality of food and life of students. It is suggested that municipalities apply the Simplified Assessment Matrix and SWOT Matrix to evaluate the management and food security of public school feeding policies, which resulted in quantifiable values and allowed management to be classified and areas for improvement visualized with the development of methodologies that contribute to effectiveness in meeting the SDG targets.