A eficácia do uso de imunobiológicos baseada na análise de desfechos clínicos de asmáticos graves acompanhados no Hospital universitário Lauro Wanderley

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by variable symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, and cough, and has a significant public health impact, particularly due to hospitalization costs. In severe cases of asthma, where conventional treatment with inhaled corticosteroids combined with bronchodilators is not sufficient, biologics such as Omalizumab and Mepolizumab may be used. These biologics act in a targeted manner, interfering with specific inflammatory pathways in asthma, reducing exacerbations, and improving symptom control. In Brazil, treatment with these biologics is offered by the Unified Health System (SUS) to patients who meet eligibility criteria. The main objective of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes in severe asthma patients after using biologics for at least six months. Specific objectives include characterizing the clinical-epidemiological profile of these patients and assessing therapeutic response before and after treatment. This observational and retrospective study included 24 severe asthma patients treated with biologics for a minimum of six months. Data were collected from clinical records and included demographic characteristics, allergen exposure, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes such as the asthma control score (ACT), use of oral corticosteroids (OC), exacerbations with hospitalization, and pulmonary function (FEV1). Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests, such as Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney, due to the non-normality of the data. Results showed a significant improvement in asthma control after the use of biologics. The ACT score increased from a median of 13.0 to 19.8 (p < 0.001), and there was a reduction in exacerbations with hospitalization (p < 0.001). Pulmonary function (FEV1) also improved significantly (p = 0.040). The use of biologics in patients with severe asthma proved effective in improving symptom control and reducing hospitalizations, highlighting its relevance as a therapeutic option in managing severe asthma