O comércio exterior do setor calçadista no Nordeste do Brasil (2018-2022)

Abstract

This article analyzes the performance of the footwear sector in the Northeast region of Brazil in foreign trade, following its relocation from the South and Southeast regions to the Northeast. The general objective is to study the exportation of footwear from the states of Ceará, Bahia, and Paraíba between 2018 and 2022, using quantitative data. The specific objectives include understanding the historical context of the sector's establishment in each state and identifying potential challenges to its development. The methodology employed is quali-quantitative: initially through bibliographic research and interviews conducted digitally with foreign trade specialists from Paraíba; subsequently, through the collection of quantitative data from the ComexStat platform, organized in tables. A technical visit was also conducted to a manufacturing plant located in Santa Rita-PB. The results indicate Ceará as the region's leading exporter, surpassing even states from the Southeast, followed by Bahia and Paraíba. Fluctuations in export volumes were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a recurrence of common buyer countries among the states. It is concluded that, although Ceará and Bahia show stronger performance, Paraíba still faces significant obstacles to the internationalization of its footwear sector, such as the lack of coordination between the public sector and entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, the company Alpargatas stands out as a successful example of exports in the state. This study highlights the importance of the sector's relocation, showing that its arrival in the Northeast was crucial for the international trade integration of these states.