A educação ambiental conservacionista, pragmática e crítica na aplicação de modalidades didáticas sobre aracnídeos

Abstract

Despite being a megadiverse and an important group for the ecosystems, arachnids are always associated with species that are dangerous to human health. The causes of the lack of knowledge about the group are well described in the literature, such as classes focused on memorization and textbooks as the only support resource. As a solution to this problem, teaching methods are often used with the aim of transforming biology classes into a truly transformative experience. However, these classes usually focus only on morphology and biological classification, forgetting factors such as environmental importance, the effects of the absence of animals in natural environments, how the environmental crisis affects them and the systemic root of this crisis. Given this context, this study aims to analyze the applications of teaching methods in teaching about arachnids and the approaches to environmental education present in this material based on a systematic bibliographic research of a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive nature. These articles were found in the digital sources Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Google Scholar, containing the following didactic modalities: exhibition of established animals (4), exhibition of audiovisual productions (2), educational game (1), elaboration of visual works (1), exhibition of didactic model (1) and exhibition of audio tracks (1). Only three of them presented a discussion on environmental education, and even then, from a paradigmatic and conservative perspective, treating the topic in a behaviorist and anthropocentric way, failing to integrate environmental, social, political and cultural aspects in the current environmental crisis. In view of this, we understand, therefore, the need to consider the importance of bringing EE to the field of scientific education, especially to address the theme of the relevance of arachnids in a critical way, addressing their historical, social and political contexts.