Avaliação do efeito da suplementação de vitamina D em mulheres portadoras da síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP): uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age. PCOS presents reproductive and metabolic complications, classically characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology, resulting from the development of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hormonal dysfunction. The most common signs and symptoms include hirsutism, difficulty losing weight, anovulation, amenorrhea, as well as complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and obesity. As vitamin D is the subject of constant study, due to the discovery of the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in various tissues, such as the brain, skin, intestine and gonads, it has the potential to improve endocrine and reproductive diseases, as in the case of PCOS. Studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation can improve menstrual periods, hormonal markers and help to adjust patients' BMI. Given these indications, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation (isolated or co-supplemented) in women with PCOS, as one of the therapeutic strategies for controlling the syndrome. The study is an integrative review, and PubMed and MEDLINE were used to select the studies. The inclusion criteria used were publications from the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English and Portuguese, as well as publications available online and free of charge. The descriptors (DeCs) used were: “Vitamin D/Vitamina D”, “Polycystic ovary syndrome/Síndrome do ovário policístico”, “Supplementation/Suplementação”. There were 15 articles included, which were then associated by similarity and divided into the following categories: (1) Vitamin D supplementation on markers linked to glucose metabolism; (2) Vitamin D supplementation on hormonal markers; (3) Vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric parameters. The studies analyzed reported significant results regarding improvements in the reduction of insulin resistance and glycemia, as well as in the value of the HOMA-IR index. Vitamin D helped with hormonal regulation, reducing the interval between menstrual periods; in contrast, supplementation on anthropometric parameters in PCOS showed no consistent changes. Therefore, there is a need for more clinical trials to standardize the methodology in terms of doses and periods, to make it easier to understand the amount and time of use so that the effects of vitamin D supplementation can be better understood, and so that there can be substantiated evidence of the impact of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome.